Subgenus Spilonympha Motta & Lourenço-de-Oliveira, 2005
Wyeomyia aningae Motta & Lourenço-de-Oliveira, 2005.
Subfamily Culicinae, genus Wyeomyia. Subgenus Spilonympha includes seven species. Subgenus abbreviation – Spi.
Species of Spilonympha differ from species of other subgenera of Wyeomyia in features of the male genitalia, larvae and pupae; members are morphologically distinct from but more similar to species of Cruzmyia than to species of the other subgenera. ADULTS ‒ Similar to the adults of other subgenera of Wyeomyia in overall habitus; proboscis shorter than forefemur, thickened distally; mesopostnotal setae present, some scales also present; paratergite without scales; lower mesokatepisternal setae extend above dorsal margin of mesomeron; upper calypter of wing without marginal setae. MALE GENITALIA ‒ Tergum IX lobes small, each with few strong setae; gonocoxite without long setae except for long lateral seta and 2 tergomesal setae (= tergal triad); gonostylus with conspicuous long stem, lobes A, C, E and M present at apex; aedeagus longer than wide, broadest at mid-length, submedian tergal arms joined, apical tergal arms not joined; paraproct with 1 or 2 apical teeth, cercal setae present. LARVAE ‒ Setae 4‒6-C single, widely separated, 6-C inserted anterior to seta 7-C; seta 1-A single, inserted near apex of antenna; maxilla short, with strong apical tooth, seta 4-Mx single or bifid, relatively long, about as long as maxillary brush, seta 6-Mx inserted on margin of maxillary body or on hypostomal sclerite when present; seta 14-C about 3 times as long as seta 15-C; seta 15-C inserted at most slightly posterior to seta 14-C, on level with seta 12-C; seta 1-P inserted posterolateral to setae 2,3-P; seta 4-P relatively short, multi-branched; seta 11-P,M,T single, short, spine-like; seta 7-M relatively weakly developed, branched, about as long as seta 3-M; seta 8-T inserted laterally between seta 7-T and sclerite bearing setae 9‒12-T; seta 13-T multi-branched, shorter than 0.5 length of thorax; seta 1-I,II small, similar in size to seta 2, seta 1-IV‒VII multi-branched, about half length of segment; seta 2-I‒VII short, single, 2-III‒VII inserted far mesad of seta 1, 2-III,IV inserted nearer to seta 1 than to midline of segment, 2-V‒VII inserted approximately midway between seta 1 and midline; seta 13-III,IV inserted posterior to seta 12, slightly posterior to level of seta 7; comb plate present, comb scales spine-like, fringed at sides, borne on posterior margin of sclerite; siphon with distal posterior row of pecten spines, seta 1-S inserted near base of siphon, seta la-S in more or less straight posterolateral row, seta 2a-S more numerous, inserted in more or less double anterolateral row; seta 4-X much shorter than setae 1‒3-X, multi-branched. PUPAE ‒ Cephalothorax and abdomen darkly pigmented or with pattern of dark pigmentation and interspersed pale spots; trumpet nearly cylindrical or expanded near mid-length; seta 1-I strongly developed, dendritic, seta 1-III,V,VI inserted lateral to setae 2 and 3; seta 2-II‒VII inserted near posterior margin of terga, 2-II inserted lateral to seta 1, 2-III‒VII inserted mesal to seta 1; seta 3-III,V,VI inserted mesal to seta 1, 3-IV inserted noticeably anterior to seta 1; seta 5-IV,V strongly developed, long, extending well beyond posterior margin of following tergum; seta 6-II as long as or longer than tergum III, 6-VII inserted on tergum posterior to seta 9-VII; paddle long and broad, outer part much broader than inner part, more than twice as broad, inner and outer margins serrate. See genus Wyeomyia.
The evolutionary relationships of Spilonympha are uncertain. The subgenus was recovered as a monophyletic group in the morphology-based phylogenetic study of Motta et al. (2007). The group shared a sister relationship with Decamyia and the “flui group” of species that are incertae sedis within Wyeomyia.
The immature stages of Spilonympha have been collected from the leaf axils of plants of families Araceae, Asparagaceae and Bromeliaceae. Adults are active during the daytime and females are attracted to humans. Little else is known about the bionomics of members of the subgenus. Species of the subgenus are not known to be of medical importance to humans.
All species of subgenus Spilonympha are known to occur in Brazil. Only two species are recorded from other countries: Wy. bourrouli from French Guiana and Suriname, and Wy. mystes from Bolivia and French Guiana.
Motta & Lourenço-de-Oliveira, 2005 (new subgenus, taxonomy, subgenus and new species descriptions, bionomics, distributions); Motta et al., 2007 (morphology, phylogenetic relationships).
airosai Lane & Cerqueira, 1942
aningae Motta & Lourenço-de-Oliveira, 2005
bourrouli (Lutz, 1905)
finlayi Lane & Cerqueira, 1942
forcipenis Lourenço-de-Oliveira & da Silva, 1985
howardi Lane & Cerqueira, 1942
mystes Dyar, 1924