Subgenus Dendromyia Theobald, 1903
Wyeomyia luteoventralis Theobald, 1901.
Subfamily Culicinae, genus Wyeomyia. Subgenus Dendromyia includes six species. Subgenus abbreviation – Den.
ADULTS ‒ Species of Dendromyia differ from species of other subgenera of Wyeomyia principally in features of the male genitalia, larvae and pupae; members are morphologically distinct from but more similar to species of Caenomyiella than to species of the other subgenera. ADULTS ‒ Clypeus with or without scales; mesopostnotum with patch of numerous setae, no scales; paratergite without scales; lower mesokatepisternal setae extend above dorsal margin of mesomeron; upper calypter of wing with or without marginal setae. MALE GENITALIA ‒ Tergum IX lobes variable, indistinct or noticeably produced, with strongly developed setae; gonocoxite with long lateral seta and tergal triad; gonostylus without stem, with 2 or 3 lobes arising at base (lobe C, lobe M and lobe AE or AE/M), lobes variously developed; aedeagus as broad as long or longer than wide, broadest at mid-length, submedian tergal arms not joined; paraproct with 1 or 2 apical teeth, cercal setae present. LARVAE ‒ Setae 4‒6-C single, 5-C inserted more or less level with or slightly anterior to seta 7-C, seta 6-C inserted anterolateral to seta 5-C on line between setae 4- and 7-C; seta 1-A single, inserted near apex of antenna; maxilla elongate, with strongly developed apical tooth, seta 4-Mx single, stout, shorter than maxillary brush, hypostomal sclerite ill-defined, seemingly fused to maxillary body and maxillary palpus, seta 6-Mx small, single; seta 14-C strongly developed, significantly longer than seta 15-C, inserted posterior to or on level with setae 12,15-C; seta 1-P usually single, inserted posterolateral to and longer than setae 2,3-P; seta 4-P relatively short, multi-branched; seta 11-P,M,T single, short, spine-like; seta 7-M small, branched, similar to seta 4-M; seta 4-T small, with 1‒4 branches; seta 8-T inserted anterior to anterolaterad of sclerite bearing setae 9‒12-T; seta 13-T multi-branched, not much longer than 0.5 length of thorax, inserted near lateral margin posterior to posteromesad of setae 9‒12-T; seta 1-I,II small, usually similar in size to seta 2, seta 1-III‒VI branched, 0.5‒1.0 length of segment; seta 2-I‒VII short, single, seta 2-III‒VII inserted anteromesal to seta 1; seta 9-I‒VI short, single; seta 13-I inserted near anterior margin of segment, 13-II‒VI inserted slightly anterior to seta 7 on or near mid-length of segment; comb plate absent, dorsal comb scales spine-like with short fringe at sides, ventral scales spine-like or squamiform with apical and lateral fringes; siphon with single mid-posterior row of pecten spines beyond level of seta 1-S, seta 1-S inserted some distance from base of siphon, only 1‒4 seta la-S and normally 3 seta 2a-S present; seta 4-X much shorter than setae 1‒3-X, multi-branched. PUPAE ‒ Cephalothorax and abdomen without spots; trumpet gradually slightly broadened distally, narrowly funnel-like; seta 1-I strongly developed, dendritic, with 3 or 4 primary stems and usually numerous apical branches; setae 1,2-II‒VII inserted near posterior margin of tergum, seta 2-I inserted lateral to seta 2, seta 2-II‒VII inserted a greater distance mesal to seta 1; seta 3-II,III,VII inserted lateral to seta 1, seta 3-IV inserted anterior and seta 3-V,VI inserted mesal to seta 1; seta 6-II single, long, reaching well beyond posterior margin of tergum III, seta 6-VII inserted on sternum ventrad of seta 9-VII; paddle longer than tergum VIII, elongate triangular in shape, bluntly pointed apex fringed with short to long spicules that diminish in length and presence on both inner and outer margins. See genus Wyeomyia.
Dendromyia was recovered as a monophyletic clade in the phylogenetic study of Motta et al. (2007) based on morphological and allozyme data. Although the analysis of morphological data alone did not reveal close affinities with other subgenera, the subgenus was recovered in a sister relationship with Wy. (Triamyia) aporonoma + (Wy. melanocephala + Onirion personatum) when the morphological data were combined with the allozyme data.
Little is known about the bionomics of Dendromyia species. Females of Wy. luteoventralis, Wy. testei and Wy. ypsipola have been collected on humans in forests during daylight hours. Immature stages have been found in collections of water in the axils of bromeliads and species of Aracea, Calathea, Dieffenbachia, Heliconia and Montrichardia. The larvae of Wy. luteoventralis, Wy. testei and Wy. ypsipola, and probably the other species of Dendromyia, aggressively attack and kill other larvae but do not eat them.
Species of subgenus Dendromyia occur in tropical forests of Central and South America between latitudes of 20° N. and 20° S. Species are recorded from Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guyana, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Surinam, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Motta & Lourenço-de-Oliveira, 1995 (included species, type species description, bionomics and distribution); Motta & Lourenço-de-Oliveira, 2000 (subgenus and species descriptions, keys, distributions, bionomics); Motta & Lourenço-de-Oliveira, 2005 (comparative morphology); Motta et al., 2007 (morphology, phylogenetic relationships).
complosa (Dyar, 1928)
jocosa (Dyar & Knab, 1908)
luteoventralis Theobald, 1901
testei Senevet & Abonnenc, 1939
trifurcata Clastrier, 1973
ypsipola Dyar, 1922