Subgenus Peytonulus Harbach, 1991
Sabethes aurescens (Lutz, 1905), original combination: Sabethinus aurescens.
Subfamily Culicinae, genus Sabethes. Subgenus Peytonulus currently includes 13 species. Subgenus abbreviation – Pey.
The absence of prealar setae distinguishes the adults of Peytonulus from the adults of Davismyia; the presence of upper proepisternal setae and/or the absence of leg paddles distinguish them from species of subgenus Sabethes; the presence of lower mesokatepisternal setae distinguishes them from adults of subgenus Sabethinus; and the absence of white scaling on the midtarsus distinguishes them from the adults of subgenus Sabethoides. Peytonulus larvae are easily distinguished from all other Sabethes larvae by having seta 1-VII highly modified and borne on a strong tubercle. Larvae also have seta 8-T inserted anterior or anteroventral to seta 9-T (distinction from subgenera Davismyia, Sabethes and Sabethoides), seta 10-I inserted in line with or mesal (usually) to seta 13-I (distinction from subgenera Davismyia, Sabethes and Sabethinus) and lack a comb plate and an auxiliary seta 4b-X (distinctions from subgenus Sabethinus). Peytonulus pupae are easily recognised by the absence of seta 1-VII (this seta is present in all other Sabethes). See genus Sabethes.
Peytonulus exhibits the most divergent morphology of any subgenus of Sabethes, but its phyletic affinities are unknown. Species included in Peytonulus were formerly placed in subgenus Sabethinus, but these subgenera have very little in common other than overt similarities in the ornamentation of the adults. Based on character agreement, Peytonulus appears to be more closely related to Sabethoides and Davismyia. These three subgenera, however, differ markedly in all life stages. The presence of prealar setae in the adults of Davismyia is particularly noteworthy. Prealar setae are plesiomorphic for Sabethes and symplesiomorphic with Wyeomyia. Peytonulus was placed in a sister relationship to Sabethoides in Judd's (1996) phylogenetic analyses of morphological data that also included species of subgenus Sabethes.
The immature stages of Peytonulus most often develop in water contained in uncut bamboo internodes, but are sometimes found in cut and broken bamboo, at various heights above ground level. The holotype of Sa. paradoxus was collected as a larva found in a terrestrial bromeliad. Nothing is known about the bionomics of the adults.
The species of subgenus Peytonulus are not known to be of medical or economic importance to humans.
Species of subgenus Peytonulus occur in tropical forests of Central and South America.
Harbach, 1991 (comparative morphology); Neves et al., 2024 (Brazil, keys to adult females, bionomics, distributions).
aurescens (Lutz, 1905)
fabricii Lane & Cerqueira, 1942
gorgasi Duret, 1971
hadrognathus Harbach, 1995
harbachi Nascimento-Pereira, Guimarães, Lourenço-de-Oliveira & Motta, 2021 (in Nascimento-Pereira et al., 2021)
identicus Dyar & Knab, 1907
ignotus Harbach, 1995
luxodens Hall, Howard & Harbach, 1999
shannoni (Lane & Cerqueira, 1942)
soperi Lane & Cerqueira, 1942
undosus (Coquillett, 1906)
whitmani Lane & Cerqueira, 1942
xenismus Harbach, 1995