Bironella gracilis Theobald, 1905.
Subfamily Anophelinae, genus Bironella. Subgenus Bironella includes two species. Subgenus abbreviation – Bir.
The following combinations of characters distinguish species of subgenus Bironella from those of subgenera Brugella and Neobironella. ADULTS – Vertex with pale scales and setae, some scales forked apically; occiput with dense dark erect forked scales; interocular space with long pale scales and setae; antenna strongly verticillate in males, weakly verticillate in females, flagellar whorls attached near base of flagellomeres; maxillary palpus nearly as long as proboscis in males, 0.50–0.75 length of proboscis in females, with dense dark brown scales; anterior promontory with patch of pale piliform scales; upper proepisternum setose; cell R2 of wing short, 0.20–0.25 length of vein R2+3; radio-medial crossvein distal to origin of vein M3+4; hindfemur pale-scaled on ventral and most of posterior surfaces to near apex, hindtibia pale on anterior surface from basal 0.10–0.50. MALE GENITALIA – Gonocoxite without scales, basotergal area with well-developed projection; aedeagus long, slender, rod-like, leaflets at apex; claspette absent. LARVAE – Seta 2-C long, single; seta 3-C as long or nearly as long as seta 2-C, single to 5-branched; setae 5–7-C multi-branched, 0.67–0.75 length of head capsule. PUPAE – Trumpet notched at apical margin; seta 13-CT absent, alveoli present; seta 9-II–VII short, stub-like; paddle with fringe of spicules on outer and inner margins. See genus Bironella.
The evolutionary relationships of the subgenus and its species have not been investigated.
The immature stages are normally found among floating debris and vegetation in densely shaded clear-water pools, swamps and rivers in forest. Tenorio (1977) listed seepage and flower bracts as larval habitats for Bi. gracilis. Females of Bi. gracilis are known on rare occasions to bite humans and enter human dwellings.
Species of subgenus Bironella are not considered to be involved in the transmission of pathogens to humans or domestic animals.
The type species is the most widely distributed species of Bironella, ranging from New Britain (Bismarck Archipelago) through New Guinea to Ceram (Moluccas). Bironella simmondsi is only known to occur in Queensland, Australia.
Tenorio, 1977 (keys, taxonomy, distribution, bionomics); Lee et al., 1988 (keys, taxonomy, distribution, biology, literature).
gracilis Theobald, 1905
simmondsi Tenorio, 1977